What distinguishes Form W-2 from Form 4852?

Form W-2 and Form 4852 serve different purposes in the context of income reporting and tax documentation. Form W-2 is specifically designed for reporting wages, salaries, tips, and other forms of compensation that an employee receives from their employer. It also details the federal, state, and local income taxes withheld from these earnings, making it a vital document for employees when filing their tax returns.

In contrast, Form 4852 is used as a substitute for Form W-2 when a taxpayer does not receive a W-2 from their employer and has made reasonable efforts to obtain it. This substitute form allows individuals to provide their income and tax withholding information based on their records, ensuring accurate reporting for tax purposes.

The other options mention roles that do not relate directly to the fundamental purpose of the W-2 or the 4852. Form 4852 is not limited to self-employed individuals and does not summarize retirement contributions or reflect debts discharged, which further clarifies the distinct role each form plays in income tax reporting. Thus, it is the specific function of Form W-2 as the official document for reporting wages and tax withholdings that makes this option the correct choice.