Upon calculating the adjusted basis of a property, which of the following affects the total?

When calculating the adjusted basis of a property, improvements made to the property significantly contribute to increasing the adjusted basis. The adjusted basis is essentially the property's original cost plus any adjustments made to it over time, including capital improvements.

Capital improvements enhance the value of the property, prolong its useful life, or adapt it to a different use. For example, adding a new room, upgrading a kitchen, or installing a new roof are types of capital improvements that add to the adjusted basis because they increase the property's value and operational capacity.

Other factors mentioned, such as the age of the property, market trends, or insurance payouts, do not directly affect the calculation of adjusted basis. The age of the property is more relevant to depreciation rather than basis adjustments. Market trends can affect the fair market value but do not change the basis for tax purposes, and insurance payouts for damages are typically not included in the property's basis; rather, they may offset losses or damages separately when calculating gains and losses.